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The present article analyses the changing relationship between the Chinese government on the one hand and informal waste collectors and
pre-processors on the other. Over time, the modes of engagement have varied considerably, and since Xi Jinping’s tenure as president, the approach of central and local governments has taken a surprising turn: instead of forcefully incorporating informal actors, new collection schemes appear to provide more latitude to informal actors. While the schemes feature formal characteristics, e.g. uniform logos, attire and machinery, daily operations are individually organised by informal actors. Based on a model of institutional evolution, this article argues that the hereby improved effectiveness in the domain of waste collection results from formal institutional solutions that sufficiently address the interests of all involved stakeholders.
Artikel (digital)
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China, legitimacy, forestry, logging ban, Xi Jinping
Der Sozialwissenschafter Gerhard Hauck (* 1939) studierte Ethnologie und Soziologie in Heidelberg und beschäftigt sich seit den frühen 1960er-Jahren mit entwicklungstheoretischen Fragen. Im deutschen Sprachraum zählt er seit vielen Jahrzehnten zum Kreis der wichtigsten KritikerInnen des dominanten Entwicklungsparadigmas. Als transdisziplinärer Grenzgänger überschreitet er konsequent die Schranken institutionalisierter Fachrichtungen und gewinnt etablierten Themengebieten neue Facetten ab. Im Interview schildert Hauck, was ihn ursprünglich zu einer kritischen Beschäftigung mit Entwicklungsfragen bewegte, wie er die Zukunft der Entwicklungsforschung sieht und welche Rolle die Verhandlung von Gerechtigkeits- und Wahrheitsfragen in seinen Werken spielt.
1 Das Interview wurde am 15. Dezember 2016 via Telefon geführt und dabei aufgezeichnet. Die Transkription erfolgte durch Clemens Pfeffer im Herbst 2019.
2 Hauck, Gerhard (1965): Die politischen Führungsschichten in den neuen Staaten Schwarz-Afrikas. Dissertation. Heidelberg: Philosophische Fakultät.
3 Siehe hierzu Hauck, Gerhard (1975): Das Elend der bürgerlichen Entwicklungstheorie. In: Tibi, Bassam/Brandes, Volkhard (Hg.): Handbuch 2: Unterentwicklung. Frankfurt: Europäische Verlagsanstalt, 36-63.
4 Fischer, Karin/Hauck, Gerhard/Boatcă, Manuela (Hrsg., 2016): Handbuch Entwicklungsforschung. Wiesbaden: Springer.
5 Der Begriff homo oeconomicus stammt aus der neoklassischen Ökonomie des späten 19. Jahrhunderts und bezeichnet einen modellhaften Menschen, der von wirtschaftlichen Zweckmäßigkeitserwägungen geleitetet wird.
6 Siehe hierzu das Buch Gesellschaft und Staat in Afrika (2001, Brandes & Apsel), in dem Hauck die sozialen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Transformationsvorgänge vom vorkolonialen über das koloniale ins postkoloniale Afrika nachzeichnet
und gängige politsoziologische Deutungen kritisch behandelt.
7 Siehe hierzu Pfeffer, Clemens (2014): Rezension zu Gerhard Hauck. 2012. Globale
Vergesellschaftung und koloniale Differenz. In: Stichproben. Zeitschrift für
kritische Afrikastudien 14 (27), 105-112.
8 Siehe hierzu Gerhard Haucks Publikationen Evolution, Entwicklung, Unterentwicklung:
Gesellschaftstheoretische Abhandlungen (1996, IKO), Die Gesellschaftstheorie
und ihr Anderes: Wider den Eurozentrismus in den Sozialwissenschaften (2003,
Westfälisches Dampfboot), Kultur: Zur Karriere einer sozialwissenschaftlichen Kategorie
(2006, Westfälisches Dampfboot), Globale Vergesellschaftung und koloniale
Differenz: Essays (2012, Westfälisches Dampfboot).
9 Pereda, Carlos (1993): Zwei Modelle aufgeklärter Vernunft. In: Menke, Christoph/
Seel, Martin (Hg.): Zur Verteidigung der Vernunft gegen ihre Liebhaber
und Verächter. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 129-148.
10 Randeria, Shalini (1999): Geteilte Geschichte und verwobene Moderne. In: Jegelka,
Norbert/Leitgeb, Hanna/Rüsen, Jörn (Hg.): Zukunftsentwürfe: Ideen für eine
Kultur der Veränderung. Frankfurt am Main: Campus, 87-96.
11 Siehe u.a. Habermas, Jürgen (1981): Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns. Bd. 1. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
12 Meyer, John W./Rowan, Brian (1977): Institutionalized Organizations: Formal
Structure as Myth and Ceremony. In: American Journal of Sociology 83, 340-363.