Mattersburger Kreis für Entwicklungspolitik
an den österreichischen Universitäten
Sensengasse 3
1090 Vienna, Austria
T +43 1 317 40 17
E office@mattersburgerkreis.at
Hauptmenü:
Barca, Stefania (2015): Greening the Job: Trade Unions, Climate Change and the Political Ecology of Labour. The International Handbook of Political Ecology. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Barca, Stefania (2019): The Labor(s) of Degrowth. In: Capitalism Nature Socialism 30(2), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2017.1373300
Demitry, Nora/Koepke, Gloria/Mewes, Sarah (2022): Just Transition in the European automotive industry – insights from the affected stakeholder. Bonn: Adelphi & NELA.
European Commission (n.d.): The Just Transition Mechanism: making sure no one is left behind. https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priori- ties-2019-2024/european-green-deal/finance-and-green-deal/just-transi- tion-mechanism_en#:~:text=The%20Just%20Transition%20Mechanism%20 (JTM,way%2C%20leaving%20no%20one%20behind, 28.8.2023.
Evans, Geoff/Phelan, Liam (2016): Transition to a Post-Carbon Society: Linking Environmental Justice and Just Transition Discourses. In: Energy Policy 99, 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.05.003
Franta, Benjamin (2021a): Early Oil Industry Disinformation on Global Warming. In: Environmental Politics 30(4), 663–668. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2 020.1863703
Franta, Benjamin (2021b). Weaponizing Economics: Big Oil, Economic Consult- ants/Climate Policy Delay. In: Environmental Politics 31(4), 555–575. https://doi. org/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636
Galgóczi, Béla (2020): Just Transition on the Ground: Challenges and Opportunities for Social Dialogue. In: European Journal of Industrial Relations 26(4), 367–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680120951704
Griffin, Paul (2017): The Carbon Majors Database CDP Carbon Majors Report 2017. CDP Report. Climate Accountability Institute. London: CDP. https:// cdn.cdp.net/cdp-production/cms/reports/documents/000/002/327/original/ Carbon-Majors-Report-2017.pdf?1501833772, 22.11.2023.
International Labour Organization (n.d.). Frequently Asked Questions on just transition. www.ilo.org/global/topics/green-jobs/WCMS_824102/lang--en/index. htm, 24.7.2023.
IPCC (2022): Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. IPCC AR6 WG III. www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/, 25.7.2023.
Kalt, Tobias (2021): Jobs vs. Climate Justice? Contentious Narratives of Labor and Climate Movements in the Coal Transition in Germany. In: Environmental Politics 30(7), 1135–1154. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2021.1892979
Keil, A. Katharina/Kreinin, Halliki (2022): Slowing the Treadmill for a Good Life for All? German Trade Union Narratives and Social-Ecological Trans- formation. In: Journal of Industrial Relations 64(4), 479–619. https://doi.org/10.1177/00221856221087413
Krause, Dunja/Stevis, Dimitris/Hujo, Katja/Morena, Edouard (2022): Just Transitions for a New Eco-Social Contract: Analysing the Relations between Welfare Regimes and Transition Pathways. In: Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 28(3), 367–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/10242589221127838
Kreinin, Halliki (2021): The divergent narratives and strategies of unions in times of social-ecological crises: fracking and the UK energy sector. In: Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 27(4), 423-551. https://doi. org/10.1177/10242589211041216
McCauley, Darren/Heffron Raphael (2018): Just Transition: Integrating Climate, Energy and Environmental Justice. In: Energy Policy 119, 1–7. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.014
Richardson, Katherine/Steffen, Will/Lucht, Wolfgang/Bendtsen, Jørgen /Cornell, Sarah E./Donges, Jonathan F./Drüke, Markus et al. (2023): Earth beyond Six of Nine Planetary Boundaries. In: Science Advances 9 (37), eadh2458. https:// doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh2458
Rockström, Johan/Steffen, Will L./Noone, Kevin/Persson, Åsa F./Chapin, Stuart III/ Lambin, Eric/ Lenton, Timothy M. et al. (2009): Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. In: Ecology and Society 14(2), 32. www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art32/, 22.11.2023.
Räthzel, Nora/David Uzzell (2009): Changing Relations in Global Environmental Change. In: Environmental Change 19(3), 326–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. gloenvcha.2009.05.001
Schnaiberg, Allan (1980): The Environment, from Surplus to Scarcity. New York: Oxford University Press.
Snell, Darryn (2018): “Just Transition”? Conceptual Challenges Meet Stark Reality in a “Transitioning” Coal Region in Australia. In: Globalizations 15(4), 550–564. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2018.1454679
Steffen, Will/Richardson, Katherine/Rockström, Johan/Cornell, Sarah E./Fetzer, Ingo/Bennett, Elena M./Biggs, Reinette et al. (2015): Planetary Boundaries: Guiding Human Development on a Changing Planet. In: Science 347 (6223), 1259855. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259855
Stevis, Dimitris/Felli, Romain (2015): Global Labour Unions and Just Transition to a Green Economy. In: International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 15(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-014-9266-1
Stevis, Dimitris/Felli, Romain (2020): Planetary Just Transition? How Inclusive and How Just? In: Earth System Governance 6, 100065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. esg.2020.100065
Zografos, Christos/Robbins, Paul (2020): Green Sacrifice Zones, or Why a Green New Deal Cannot Ignore the Cost Shifts of Just Transitions. In: One Earth 3(5), 543–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.10.012
Since 2015 there has been a proliferation of just transition policies and initiatives. As part of the Just Transition Listening Project, launched by the Labor Network for Sustainability in early 2020, we identified seven distinct just transition cases in the USA. The diversity of these cases calls for an analytical scheme that can differentiate amongst just transitions by recognising that a policy, such as a national or transnational Green New Deal, may be promising, but only for some within a country and the world political economy and at the expense of others. This research advances our understanding of the varieties of just transitions currently pursued in one country, the US, but also offers useful and pressing analytical insights into the study of just transitions, whether these transitions are local or transnational.
Bastos Lima, Mairon (2022): Just transition towards a bioeconomy: Four dimensions in Brazil, India and Indonesia. In: Forest Policy and Economics 136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102684.
Bhambra, Gurminder/Holmwood, John (2018): Colonialism, Postcolonialism and the Liberal Welfare State. In: New Political Economy 23(5), 574-587. https://doi. org/10.1080/13563467.2017.1417369
Brand, Ulrich/Wissen, Markus (2021): The Imperial Mode of Living: Everyday Life and the Ecological Crisis of Capitalism. London: Verso Books.
Betsill, Michele/Stevis, Dimitris (2016): The Politics and Dynamics of Energy Transitions: Lessons from Colorado’s (US) “New Energy Economy.” In: Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 34(2), 381-396.
Cha, J. Mijin (2017): A Just Transition: Why Transitioning Workers into a New Clean Energy Economy Should Be at the Center of Climate Change Policies. In: Fordham Environmental Law Review 29(2), 196-220.
Cha, J. Mijin/Stevis, Dimitris/Vachon, Todd E./Price, Vivian/Brescia-Weiler, Maria (2022): A Green New Deal for All: The Centrality of a Worker and Community-Led Just Transition in the US. In: Political Geography 95 (May): 102594, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102594.
Cha, J. Mijin/Wander, Madeline/Pastor, Manuel (2020): Environmental Justice, Just Transition, and a Low-Carbon Future for California. In: Environmental Law Reporter 50 ELR 10216 (March).
Eames, Malcolm/Hunt, Miriam (2013): Energy Justice in Sustainability Transitions Research. In: Bickerstaff, Karen/Walker, Gordon/Bulkeley, Harriet (eds.): Energy Justice in a Changing Climate: Social Equity and Low-Carbon Energy. London: Zed Books, 46-60. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350219908.ch-003
Coughlin, Stephen/Smith, Selina/Fernandez, Maria (eds.) (2017): Handbook of Community-Based Participatory Research. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190652234.001.0001
Ehresman, Timothy/Stevis, Dimitris (2018): International Environmental and Ecological Justice. In: Gabriela Kütting/Kyle Herman (eds.): Global Environ- mental Politics: Concepts, Theories and Case Studies, 2nd edition. New York: Routledge, 103-120.
Fitzgerald, Loise Michelle (2022): Winning coalitions for just transitions: Insights from the environmental justice movement. In: Energy Research & Social Science 92, 102780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102780
Gough, Ian (2020): Defining Floors and Ceilings: The Contribution of Human Needs Theory. In: Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy 16(1), 208–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1814033
Gürtler, Konrad/Löw Beer, David/Herberg, Jeremias (2021): Scaling Just Transitions: Legitimation Strategies in Coal Phase-out Commissions in Canada and Germany. In: Political Geography 88 (June), 102406, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. polgeo.2021.102406.
Hess, David (2019): Cooler Coalitions for a Warmer Planet: A Review of Political Strategies for Accelerating Energy Transitions. In: Energy Research and Social Science 57 (July), 101246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101246.
Hopwood, Bill/Mellor, Mary/O’Brien, Geoff (2005): Sustainable Development: Mapping Different Approaches. In: Sustainable Development 13(1), 38-52.
Hyde, Allen/Vachon, Todd E. (2019): Running with or against the Treadmill? Labor Unions, Institutional Contexts, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Comparative Perspective. In: Environmental Sociology 5(3), 269–82. https:// doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2018.1544107
IndustriALL (2019): A Just Transition for Workers: A Trade Union Guide. www. industriall-union.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/Just_Transition/a_ just_transition_-_english.pdf, 15.6.2023.
ITUC/LO/IndustriALL (2022): Just Transition and the Energy Sector: 2022 Roundup. https://admin.industriall-union.org/sites/default/files/uploads/swstatic-231220094914/swstatic-231220095938/swstatic-231220095938/swstatic-231220095938/swstatic-231220095938/swstatic-231220095938/swstatic-231220095938/swstatic-231220095938/swstatic-231221115856/swstatic-231221115856/swstatic-231221115856/swstatic-231221051028/swstatic-231221053231/swstatic-241011044445/images/FutureOf- Work/JustTransition/v7_final_report.pdf, 23.11.2023.
Just Transition Centre and The B Team (2018): Just Transition: A Business Guide. https://bteam.org/assets/reports/Just-Transition-A-Business-Guide.pdf, 15.6.2023.
Just Transition Listening Project (JTLP) (2021): Workers and communities in tran- sition: Report of the Just Transition Listening Project. Labor for Sustainability Network. www.labor4sustainability.org/jtlp-2021/jtlp-report/, 15.6.2023.
Just Transition Research Collaborative (JTRC) (2018): Mapping Just Transition(s) to a Low-Carbon World. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development and the University of London Institute in Paris. www.unrisd. org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpPublications)/9B3F4F10301092C7C12583530035 C2A5?OpenDocument, 15.6.2023.
Kazis, Richard/Grossman, Richard L. (1991): Fear at Work: Job Blackmail, Labor and the Environment. Philadelphia, Pa.: New Society Publishers.
Krause, Dunja/Stevis, Dimitris/Hujo, Katja/Morena, Edouard (2022): Just Transitions for a New Eco-social Contract: Analyzing the Relations between Welfare Regimes and Transition Pathways. In: Transfer 28(3), 367-382. https://doi. org/10.1177/10242589221127838
Labor Party (1996): A Call For Economic Justice: The Labor Party’s Program. At www.thelaborparty.org/d_program.htm, 15.6.2023.
Labor Network for Sustainability and Strategic Practice (2016): ‘Just Transition’ – Just What Is It? https://ecology.iww.org/PDF/LNS/JustTransitionReport-FINAL.pdf, 15.6.2023.
Leopold, Les (2007): The Man Who Hated Work but Loved Labor: The Life and Times of Tony Mazzocchi. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing Company.
Loomis, Erik (2021): Working-Class Environmentalism: The Case of Northwest Timber Workers. In: Räthzel, Nora/Stevis, Dimitris/Uzzell, David (eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Environmental Labour Studies. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 127-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71909-8_6
Low, Nicholas/Gleeson, Brendan (1998): Justice, Society and Nature: An Explora- tion in Political Ecology. New York: Routledge.
Newell, Peter/Mulvaney, Dustin (2013): The Political Economy of the ‘Just Transition.’ In: The Geographical Journal 179(2), 132–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/ geoj.12008
O’Brien, Dan (2020): GM Closed the Lordstown Auto Plant. Now Ohio May Force a $60 Million Repayment. In: ProPublica, 15.6.2020, www.propublica.org/ article/gm-closed-the-lordstown-auto-plant-now-ohio-may-force-a-60-million- repayment, 15.6.2023.
Perrea, Juan (2011): The Echoes of Slavery: Recognizing the Racist Origins of the Agricultural and Domestic Worker Exclusion of the National Labor Rela- tions Act. In: Ohio State Law Journal 72(1), 95-138. https://doi.org/10.2139/ ssrn.1646496
Pedersen, Stefan/Stevis, Dimitris/Kalfagianni, Agni (2022): The Earth System, Justice, and Governance in a Planetary Age: Engaging a Social Turn. In: Environmental Philosophy 19(2), 221-240. https://doi.org/10.5840/enviro- phil2022921122
Richie, Donald (2014): Doing Oral History. 3rd edition. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Schwane, Tim (2021): Achieving Just Transitions to Low Carbon Urban-Mobility. In: Nature Energy 6, 685-687. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00856-z
Stevis, Dimitris/Felli, Romain (2016): Green Transitions, Just Transitions? Broadening and Deepening Justice. In: Kurswechsel 3, 35–45.
Stevis, Dimitris (2023): Just Transitions: Promise and Contestation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108936569
Vachon, Todd E. (2022): Fancy Funeral or Radical Rebirth? Just Transition and the Future of Work(ers) in the U.S. In: Craig Calhoun/Fong, Ben (eds.): The Green New Deal and the Future of Work in America. New York: Columbia University Press, 192-212. https://doi.org/10.7312/calh20556-009
Vachon, Todd E. (2021): Just Transition Frames in the Context of the American Labor Movement. In: Räthzel, Nora/Stevis, Dimitris/Uzzell, David (eds.): Handbook of Environmental Labour Studies New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 105-126.
Weller, Sally A. (2019): Just Transition? Strategic Framing and the Challenges Facing Coal Dependent Communities. In: Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 37(2), 298–316. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654418784304
Wimmer, Andreas/Glick Schiller, Mina (2002): Methodological Nationalism and Beyond: Nation–state Building, Migration and the Social Sciences. In: Global Networks 2(4), 301-334. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0374.00043
Williams, Stephen/Doyon, Andréanne (2019): Justice in Energy Transitions. In: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 31 (June), 144–53. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2018.12.001
just transition, ecosocial coalitions, labour environmentalism, climate justice, community research
Um bis 2050 klimaneutral zu werden, setzt die EU auf den Ausbau der E-Mobilität. Hierfür werden große Mengen Rohstoffe wie Kupfer, Kobalt oder Lithium benötigt, die vorwiegend aus dem globalen Süden importiert werden. Wie kann die Verkehrswende unter Berücksichtigung dieser globalen Dimension gerecht ausgestaltet werden? Anschließend an die „just transition“-Debatte entwickeln wir in diesem Beitrag einen theoretischen Rahmen zur Analyse der globalen Gerechtigkeitsdimensionen der Verkehrs- wende. Wir schlagen eine doppelte Erweiterung des „just transition“-Ansatzes vor: erstens, durch ein mehrdimensionales Konzept von Gerechtigkeit und zweitens durch eine räumliche, multiskalare Perspektive mittels des Ansatzes der globalen Produktionsnetzwerke. Unser Ziel ist so die transnationalen Risiken und potenziellen (Un-)Gerechtigkeiten der E-Verkehrswende sichtbar zu machen. Wir illustrieren unseren Ansatz anhand von drei Beispielen von Gerechtigkeitsforderungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Abbau von Kobalt, Kupfer und Lithium im Globalen Süden.
Allan, Joanna/Lakhal, Hamza/Lemaadel, Mahmood (2021): An unjust transition: Energy, colonialism and extractivism in occupied Western Sahara. https:// longreads.tni.org/an-unjust-transition, 9.6.2023. https://doi.org/10.2307/ jj.7583922.8
Bainton, Nicholas/Kemp, Deanne/Lèbre, Eleonore/Owen, John R./Marston, Greg (2021): The energy‐extractives nexus and the just transition. In: Sustainable Development 29 (4), 624-634. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2163
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just transition, Verkehrswende, globale Gerechtigkeit, grüner Extraktivismus, globale Produktionsnetzwerke
The post-carbon transition presents an opportunity to address the inequalities in economic and political power faced by (semi-)peripheral regions. One such opportunity is the European Union’s (EU’s) just transition policies. However, the EU’s policies fall short in terms of questioning existing socio-economic and power inequalities. Their implementation often relies on technocratic measures and selective expert advice. Particularly in the semi- peripheral regions of Central and Eastern Europe, meaningful – as opposed to ‘pro forma’ – participation of all stakeholders in formulating just tran- sition policies is lacking. Using the Czech Republic – a major brown coal producer in the EU – as an illustrative case, we examine the existing obstacles to such meaningful participation and propose how to achieve it. We suggest that meaningful participation requires the direct involvement of diverse, espe- cially underrepresented groups, such as workers in the industries at risk of job losses, and the shifting of the role of experts from a position of privilege to an equal position with non-expert stakeholders. We conclude that involving all affected stakeholders through deliberative methods opens a space to diverse just transition policies. Such policies would create an opportunity to challenge the dominant development narrative proposed by core countries and institutions.
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just transition, meaningful stakeholder participation, coal phase-out, semi-periphery, post-normal science
In finding alternatives for workers currently employed in the fossil fuel industry, just transition policies can ultimately undermine environ- mental concerns and efforts to redress inequalities. For example, it is suggested to create jobs in other extractive industries to meet the material requirements of renewable energy technologies. We focus on this ambiguous role of job preservation as a key demand of just transition and review selected national trans- formation strategies from the Global North and the Global South. Comparing qualification requirements of coal mining jobs with other alternatives, we propose to complement current strategies with jobs outside the extractive sector value chains. Fostering these can work towards realising social and environ- mental goals in synergy, rather than pitting one against the other. We conclude that finding work opportunities that minimise extraction requirements and benefit local communities can help level global and regional inequalities by allowing mining regions to escape from their current positions in global value chains.
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just transition, mining, jobs, green services, global value chains
Abram, Simone/Atkins, Ed/Dietzel, Alix/Jenkins, Kirsten/Kiamba, Lorna/Kirshner, Joshua/Kreienkamp, Julia/Parkhill, Karen/Pegram, Tom/Ayllón, Lara. (2022): Just Transition: A whole-systems approach to decarbonisation. In: Climate Policy 22(8), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2108365
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Heyen, Dirk/Menzemer, Luisa/Wolff, Franziska/Beznea, Andreea/Williams, Rob (2020): Just transition in the context of EU environmental policy and the European Green Deal. Freiburg: Institute of Applied Ecology. www.oeko.de/fileadmin/oekodoc/Just-Transition-Issue-Paper.pdf, 10.10.2023.
Maestre-Andrés, Sara/Drews, Stefan/van den Bergh, Jeroen. (2019): Perceived fair- ness and public acceptability of carbon pricing: a review of the literature. In: Climate Policy 19(9), 1186-1204. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1639490
Sovacool, Benjamin/Bell, Shannon/Daggett, Cara/Labuski, Christine/Lennon, Myles/Naylor, Lindsay/Klinger, Julie Leonard, Kelsey/Firestone, Jeremy (2023): Pluralizing energy justice: Incorporating feminist, anti-racist, Indigenous, and postcolonial perspectives. InL: Energy Research & Social Science 97, 102996, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2023.102996
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