• 1.bestellen
  • 2.Warenkorb ändern
  • 3.zur Kassa gehen
Sprache: ENGLISHSeiten: 233https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-35-2
Laser, Stefan; Schlitz, Nicolas

Waste and Globalised Inequalities

 

Global capitalism has changed drastically during the past three decades. Key to this is its exponential growth, coupled with an enormous production of waste. The resultant ‘global waste problem’ in fact involves different types of waste and gives rise to variegated practices of waste handling at multiple sites. In this special issue, the authors discuss waste through a focus on inequalities. Contrary to the all-embracing notion of a 'global waste problem', there is nothing (normatively) equal in the way people are entangled in, and affected by, the production of waste and the processes of wasting. The consequences of waste and pollution are shared unequally, laying the ground for vast injustices. The articles in this issue encourage a more critical and situated understanding of waste-related inequalities and their global connections. Scholars and activists alike need to face frictions through waste in order to make sense of the particular global connections and inequalities related to changing patterns of wasting.

 

Schwerpunktheft (digital)


Die Print-Ausgabe finden Sie hier

 

Inhalt dieser Ausgabe
Laser, Stefan; Schlitz, Nicolas

Facing Frictions: Waste and Globalised Inequalities

Sprache: ENGLISHSeiten: 5-32https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-35-2-5
  • Abstract
  • Literatur
  • Keywords

Introduction

Adkins, Sasha (2018): From Disposable Culture to Disposable People: The Unintended Consequences of Plastics. Eugene: Wipf and Stock Publishers.

 

Agrawal, Arun (2005). Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects. Duke University Press Books. Alexander, Catherine/Reno, Joshua (eds., 2012): Economies of Recycling: The global transformation of materials, values and social relations. London/New York: Zed Books.

 

Alexander, Catherine/Sanchez, Andrew (2018): Introduction: The Values of Indeterminacy. In: Alexander, Catherine/Sanchez, Andrew (eds.): Indeterminacy: Waste, Value, and the Imagination. Berghahn Books, 1–30.

 

Appadurai, Arjun (1990): Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy. In: Public Culture 2(2), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-2-2-1

 

Barad, Karen (2007): Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Durham/London: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822388128

 

Baran, Paul A./Sweezy, Paul M. (1966): Monopoly Capital: an Essay on the American Economist and Social Order. New York: Monthly Review Press. Bauman, Zygmunt (2004): Wasted Lives: Modernity and Its Outcasts. Cambridge: Polity Press.

 

Berg, Anne (2016): Waste streams and garbage publics in Los Angeles and Detroit. In: Lindner, Christoph/Meissner, Miriam (eds.): Global Garbage: Urban imaginaries of waste, excess, and abandonment. New York: Routledge, 80–98.

Boltanski, Luc (2011): On Critique: A Sociology of Emancipation. Cambridge/ Malden: Blackwell.

 

Boltanski, Luc/Chiapello, Ève (2007): The New Spirit of Capitalism. London/New York: Verso.

 

Bowker, Geoffrey C./Star, Susan Leigh (2000): Sorting things out: classification and its consequences. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

 

Brooks, Andrew (2012): Networks of power and corruption: the trade of Japanese used cars to Mozambique. In: The Geographical Journal 178(1), 80–92. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2011.00410.x

 

Bullard, Robert D. (2001): Environmental justice in the 21st century: Race still matters. In: Phylon 49(3/4), 151–171. https://doi.org/10.2307/3132626

 

Bullard, Robert D. (2008): Dumping in Dixie: Race, class, and environmental quality. Boulder: Westview Press.

 

Butler, Judith (2000): Restaging the universal. In: Butler, Judith/Laclau, Ernesto/ Žižek Slavoj (eds.): Contemporary dialogues on the left. London: Verso, 11–43.

 

Campkin, Ben/Cox, Rosie (2007): Dirt: New geographies of cleanliness and contamination. London/New York: IB Tauris. Clifford, James (2001): Indigenous Articulations. In: The Contemporary Pacific 13(2), 467–490. https://doi.org/10.1353/cp.2001.0046

Coole, Diana/Frost, Samantha (2010): Introducing the new materialisms. In: Coole, Diana/Frost, Samantha (eds.): New materialisms: Ontology, agency, and politics. Durban, London: Duke University Press, 1–43. https://doi. org/10.1215/9780822392996-001

 

Corvellec, Hervé (2019): Waste as scats: For an organizational engagement with waste. In: Organization 26(2), 217–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508418808235

 

Corvellec, Hervé/Zapata Campos, María José/Zapata, Patrik (2013): Infrastructures, lock-in, and sustainable urban development: the case of waste incineration in the Göteborg Metropolitan Area. In: Journal of Cleaner Production 50, 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.009

 

Crang, Mike/Hughes, Alex/Gregson, Nicky/Norris, Lucy/Ahamed, Farid (2013): Rethinking governance and value in commodity chains through global recycling networks. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 38(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2012.00515.x

 

Davies, Thom/Mah, Alice (2019): Toxic Truths. Environmental Justice and Citizen Science in the Post-Truth Age. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

 

De Angelis, Massimo (2001): Marx and primitive accumulation: the continuous character of capital’s enclosures. In: The Commoner 2(1), 1–22.

 

Demaria, Federico (2010): Shipbreaking at Alang–Sosiya (India): An ecological distribution conflict. In: Ecological Economics 70(2), 250–260. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.09.006

 

Dillon, Lindsey (2014): Race, Waste, and Space: Brownfield Redevelopment and Environmental Justice at the Hunters Point Shipyard. In: Antipode, 46(5), 1205–1221. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12009

 

Dines, Nick (ed.) (2018): Special Issue: Ethnographies of waste. In: Etnografia e Ricerca Qualitativa 11(1).

 

Douglas, Mary (1966): Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London: Routledge.

 

Evans, David (2011): Review essay: waste matters. In: Sociology, 45(4), 707–712. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038511406588

 

Falquet, Jules (2013): Dominique Strauss-Kahn oder die Verknüpfung männlicher mit neoliberaler Gewalt. In: Journal für Entwicklungspolitik 29(1), 90-102. https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-29-1-90

 

Federici, Silvia (2004): Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body, and Primitive Accumulation. Brooklyn, New York: Autonomedia.

 

Gabrys, Jennifer (2011): Digital Rubbish: A Natural History of Electronics. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. https://doi.org/10.3998/ dcbooks.9380304.0001.001

 

Gabrys, Jennifer (2016): Program Earth: Environmental Sensing Technology and the Making of a Computational Planet, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816693122.001.0001

Gereffi, Gary/Humphrey, John/Sturgeon, Timothy (2005): The governance of global value chains. In: Review of International Political Economy 12(1), 78–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290500049805

 

Gereffi, Gary/Korzeniewicz, Miguel (eds., 1994): Commodity chains and global capitalism. Westport: Praeger.

 

Gidwani, Vinay (2015): The work of waste: inside India’s infra-economy. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 40(4), 575–595. https://doi. org/10.1111/tran.12094

 

Gidwani, Vinay/Reddy, Rajyashree N. (2011): The Afterlives of “Waste”: Notes from India for a Minor History of Capitalist Surplus. In: Antipode 43(5), 1625–1658. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00902.x

 

Gille, Zsuzsa (2007): From the Cult of Waste to the Trash Heap of History: The Politics of Waste in Socialist and Postsocialist Hungary. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

 

Gille, Zsuzsa (2010): Actor networks, modes of production, and waste regimes: reassembling the macro-social. In: Environment and Planning A 42(5), 1049– 1064. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42122

 

Gille, Zsuzsa (2013): Is there an emancipatory ontology of matter? A response to Myra Hird. In: Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 2(4), 1–6.

 

Gourlay, Ken A. (1992): World of Waste: Dilemmas of industrial development. London: Zed Books.

 

Graeber, David (2012): Afterword. In: Alexander, Catherine/Reno, Joshua (eds.): Economies of Recycling: the global transformation of materials, values and social relations. London, New York: Zed Books, 277–290. https://doi. org/10.1002/9781119198420.after

 

Greeson, Emma/Laser, Stefan/Pyyhtinen, Olli (2019): Dis/Assembling Value: Lessons from Waste Valuation Practices. In: Valuation Studies, in press.

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike (2010): Materiality and waste: inorganic vitality in a networked world. In: Environment and Planning A 42(5), 1026–1032. https:// doi.org/10.1068/a43176

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike (2015): From Waste to Resource: The Trade in Wastes and Global Recycling Economies. In: Annual Review of Environment and Resources 40, 151–176. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021105

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike/Ahamed, Farid/Akhter, Nasreen/Ferdous, Raihana (2010): Following things of rubbish value: End-of-life ships, ‘chock-chocky’ furniture and the Bangladeshi middle class consumer. In: Geoforum, 41(6), 846–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.05.007

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike/Antonopoulos, Constantionos N. (2016): Holding together logistical worlds: Friction, seams and circulation in the emerging ‘global warehouse’. In: Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 35(3), 381-398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775816671721

 

Griffin, Rodman D. (1992): Garbage crisis. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.


Guha, Ramachandra/Martínez-Alier, Juan (1997): Varieties of environmentalism: Essays North and South. London: Earthscan Publications.

 

Hall, Stuart (1996): Race, articulation, and societies structured in dominance. In: Baker, Houston. A. Jr./Diawara, Manthia/Lindeborg, Ruth H. (eds.): Black British Cultural Studies: A Reader, 16–60.

 

Haraway, Donna J. (2016): Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Durham London: Duke University Press. https://doi. org/10.1215/9780822373780

 

Harvey, David (2010): The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism. London: Profile Books.

 

Harvey, Penelope/Jensen, Casper Brun/Morita, Atsuro (eds., 2017): Infrastructures and Social Complexity: A Companion. Milton Park/New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315622880

 

Hawkins, Gay (2005): The Ethics of Waste: How We Relate to Rubbish. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

 

Heiman, Michael K. (1996): Race, waste, and class: new perspectives on environmental justice. In: Antipode 28(2), 111–121. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996.tb00517.x

 

Henderson, Jeffrey/Dicken, Peter/Hess, Martin/Coe, Neil/Yeung, Henry Wai-Chung (2002): Global Production Networks and the Analysis of Economic Development. In: Review of International Political Economy 9(3), 436–464. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290210150842

 

Herod, Andrew/Pickren, Graham/Rainnie, Al/Champ, Susan McGrath (2013): Global destruction networks, labour and waste. In: Journal of Economic Geography 14, 421–441. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbt015

 

Hird, Myra J. (2013): Is Waste Indeterminacy Useful? A response to Zsuzsa Gille. In: Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 2(6), 28–33.

 

Hird, Myra J. (2017): Burial and resurrection in the Anthropocene: Infrastructures of waste. In: Harvey, Penelope/ Jensen, Casper Brunn/ Morita, Atsuro (eds.): Infrastructures and Social Complexity: A Companion. Milton Park/New York: Routledge, 245–252.

 

Hird, Myra J./Lougheed, Scott/Rowe, R. Kerry/Kuyvenhoven, Cassandra (2014): Making waste management public (or falling back to sleep). In: Social Studies of Science 44(3), 441–465. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312713518835

 

Hird, Myra J. (2012): Knowing Waste: Towards an Inhuman Epistemology. In: Social Epistemology 26(3-4), 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2012.7 27195

 

Hird, Myra J. (2014): Waste flows. https://discardstudies.com/discard-studiescompendium/, 19.3.2019.

 

Huntington, Samuel P. (1996): The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster.

 

Jackson, Steven J. (2014): Rethinking Repair. In: Gillespie, Tarleton/ Boczkowski, Pablo J./ Foot, Kirsten A. (eds.): Media Technologies: Essays
30   
 
Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 221–239. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262525374.003.0011

 

Kirby, Peter Wynn/Lora-Wainwright, Anna (2015): Peering through loopholes, tracing conversions: remapping the transborder trade in electronic waste. In: Area 47(1), 4–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12166

 

Krupar, Shiloh R. (2013). Hot Spotter’s Report: Military Fables of Toxic Waste. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

 

Latour, Bruno (2004): Why has critique run out of steam? From matters of fact to matters of concern. In: Critical Inquiry 30(2), 225–248. https://doi. org/10.1086/421123

 

Laville, Sandra (2018): UK Plastics Recycling Industry under Investigation for Fraud and Corruption. In: The Guardian, 19.10.2018. Leonhard, Liam J. (2013). Ecomodern discourse and localized narratives: Waste policy, community mobilization and governmentality in Ireland. In: Zapata Campos, María/Hall, Michael (eds.): Organizing waste in the city: International perspectives on narratives and practices. Chicago: Policy Press, 181–200. https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447306375.003.0010

 

Lepawsky, Josh (2018): Reassembling rubbish: worlding electronic waste. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11111.001.0001

 

Lepawsky, Josh/Mather, Charles (2011): From beginnings and endings to boundaries and edges: rethinking circulation and exchange through electronic waste. In: Area 43(3), 242–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.01018.x

 

Liboiron, Max (2018): The what and the why of Discard Studies. https:// discardstudies.com/2018/09/01/the-what-and-the-why-of-discard-studies/, 19.3.2019.

 

Liboiron, Max/Tironi, Manuel/Calvillo, Nerea (2018): Toxic politics: Acting in a permanently polluted world. In: Social Studies of Science 48(3), 331–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312718783087

 

Little, Peter C. (2014): Toxic town: IBM, pollution, and industrial risks. New York: NYU Press. https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814760697.001.0001

 

MacBride, Samantha (2011): Recycling reconsidered: The present failure and future promise of environmental action in the United States. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8829.001.0001

 

Marconi, Daniela (2012): Environmental Regulation and Revealed Comparative Advantages in Europe: Is China a Pollution Haven? In: Review of International Economics 20(3), 616–635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2012.01042.x

 

Marres, Noortje (2007): The Issues Deserve More Credit: Pragmatist Contributions to the Study of Public Involvement in Controversy. In: Social Studies of Science 37(5), 759–780. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312706077367

 

McGrath-Champ, Susan/Rainnie, Al/Pickren, Graham/Herod, Andrew (2015): Global destruction networks, the labour process and employment relations. In: Journal of Industrial Relations 57(4), 624–640. https://doi. org/10.1177/0022185615582241


Millington, Nate/Lawhon, Mary (2018): Geographies of waste: Conceptual vectors from the Global South. In: Progress in Human Geography, online first (8.10.2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132518799911

 

Moisi, Laura (2015): From the Ethos of Housekeeping to the Doctrine of Ecology: Paradigm-shifts in the Politics of Domestic Garbage-Disposal. In: Pivot: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies and Thought 4(1), 98–126.

 

Moore, Sarah A. (2012): Garbage matters: Concepts in new geographies of waste. In: Progress in Human Geography 36(6), 780–799. https://doi. org/10.1177/0309132512437077

 

Neal, Homer A./Schubel, J. R. (1987): Solid waste management and the environment: The mounting garbage and trash crisis. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs.

 

Nixon, Rob (2011): Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Harvard: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674061194

 

Norris, Lucy (2015): The Limits of Ethicality in International Markets: Imported Second-Hand Clothing in India. In: Geoforum 67(Dec.), 183–193. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.06.003

 

Piketty, Thomas (2017): Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Harvard: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674982918

 

Pulido, Laura (1996): A critical review of the methodology of environmental racism research. In: Antipode 28(2), 142–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1996. tb00519.x

 

Pulido, Laura (2000): Rethinking environmental racism: White privilege and urban development in Southern California. In: Annals of the Association of American Geographers 90(1), 12–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00182

 

Rathje, William/Murphy, Cullen (2001): Rubbish! The Archaeology of Garbage. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

 

Reddy, Rajyashree N. (2015): Producing abjection: E-waste improvement schemes and informal recyclers of Bangalore. In: Geoforum 62, 166–174. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.04.003

 

Reno, Joshua (2015): Waste and Waste Management. In: Annual Review of Anthropology 44(1), 557–572. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevanthro-102214-014146

 

Samson, Melanie (2015): Accumulation by dispossession and the informal economy – Struggles over knowledge, being and waste at a Soweto garbage dump. In: Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 33(5), 813–830. https://doi. org/10.1177/0263775815600058

 

Samson, Melanie (2017): Not Just Recycling the Crisis. In: Historical Materialism 25(1), 36–62. https://doi.org/10.1163/1569206X-12341514

 

Sanyal, Kalyan K. (2014): Rethinking Capitalist Development: Primitive Accumulation, Governmentality and Post-Colonial Capitalism. New Delhi: Routledge.
32   
 
Star, Susan Leigh/Griesemer, James R. (1989): Institutional ecology, ‘translations’ and boundary objects: Amateurs and professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. In: Social Studies of Science 19(3), 387–420. https://doi. org/10.1177/030631289019003001

 

Star, Susan Leigh/Ruhleder, Karen (1996): Steps toward an ecology of infrastructure: Design and access for large information spaces. In: Information Systems Research 7(1), 111–134. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.7.1.111

 

Szeman, Imre/Boyer, Dominic (2017): Energy Humanities: An Anthology. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

 

Taylor, Dorceta E. (2014): Toxic Communities: Environmental Racism, Industrial Pollution, and Residential Mobility. New York: NYU Press.

 

Thompson, Michael (2017): Rubbish theory: the creation and destruction of Value. London: Pluto Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1rfsn94

 

Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt (2004): Friction: An ethnography of global connection. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

 

Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt (2015): The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77bcc

 

United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice (1987): Toxic wastes and race in the United States: A national report on the racial and socio-economic characteristics of communities with hazardous waste sites. New York: United Church of Christ.

 

Wynne, Brian (1987): Risk management and hazardous waste: Implementation and the dialectics of credibility. Berlin/Heidelberg: Spring

Introduction

Schulz, Yvan

Scrapping ‘Irregulars’: China’s Recycling Policies, Development Ethos and Peasants Turned Entrepreneurs

Sprache: ENGLISHSeiten: 33-59https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-35-2-33
  • Abstract
  • Literatur
  • Keywords

 Nowadays, ‘e-waste’, or discarded electrical and electronic equipment (DEEE), is synonymous with environmental degradation and global injustice. In China, the central government has come up with a series of regulations and policies in recent years to deal with the challenge posed by both foreign and domestic DEEE. It justified this programme by invoking the necessity to protect China’s environment. This article shows how Beijing’s efforts to ‘formalise’ DEEE collection and recycling concentrate activities in the hands of a limited number of large companies, and cause the exclusion of a myriad of actors and entities, in particular self-made entrepreneurs with roots in the Chinese countryside.

 

21st Century Economic Report (2017): Low efficiency: E-waste collection urgently [needs to be] reorganized, consolidated and upgraded [Xiaolü dixia: Guonei dianzi laji huishou jidai zhenghe shengji], 10.03.2017.

 

BAN [Basel Action Network] (2015): Infamous Chinese e waste town finally closes doors to imports, 17.12.2015.

 

Brigden, Kevin et al. (2005): Recycling of electronic waste in China and India: Workplace & environmental contamination. Amsterdam: Greenpeace International.

 

CEOCIO Magazine (2005): “Offering amnesty and enlistment” to Guiyu [“Zhao’an” Guiyuzhen], 05.09.2005.


Chaturvedi, Bharati/Gidwani, Vinay (2010): The right to waste: Informal sector recyclers and struggles for social justice in post-reform urban India. In: Ahmed, Waquar/Kundu, Amitabh/Peet, Richard (eds): India’s new economic policy: A critical analysis. New York: Routledge, 125–153.

 

CHEARI [China Electrical Appliances Research Institute] (2016): 2015 White paper on WEEE recycling industry in China [Zhongguo feiqi dianqi dianzi chanpin huishou chuli ji zonghe liyong hangye baipishu 2015]. Beijing: CHEARI.

 

Chen, Martha Alter (2006): Rethinking the informal economy: Linkages with the formal economy and the formal regulatory environment. In: Guha-Khasnobis, B./Kanbur, R./Ostrom, Elinor (eds): Linking the formal and informal economy: Concepts and policies. New York: Oxford University Press, 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199204764.003.0005

 

Chen, Liwen (2017): China’s e-waste: Formal, informal or the co-exist of both? Toxic News, 07.08.2017.

 

Chi, Xinwen et al. (2011): Informal electronic waste recycling: A sector review with special focus on China, Waste Management, 31(4), 731–742. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.11.006

 

Dong, Madeleine Yue (2003): Recycling: The Tianqiao District (chapter 6). In: Republican Beijing: The city and its histories. Berkeley: University of California Press, 172-207.

 

Economy, Elizabeth C. (2010): The river runs black: The environmental challenge to China’s future. 2nd ed. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

 

Ensmenger, Devona/Goldstein, Joshua/Mack, Richard (2005): Talking trash: An examination of recycling and solid waste management policies, economies, and practices in Beijing, East West Connections 5(1), 115–133.

 

Fei, Fan et al. (2016): How to integrate the informal recycling system into municipal solid waste management in developing countries: Based on a China’s case in Suzhou urban area. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 110: 74–86. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.03.019

 

Gidwani, Vinay (2013): Value struggles: Waste work and urban ecology in Delhi. In: Rademacher, Anne/Sivaramakrishnan, Kalyanakrishnan (eds): Ecologies of urbanism in India: Metropolitan civility and sustainability. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 169–200. https://doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888139767.003.0007

 

Gille, Zsuzsa (2007): From the cult of waste to the trash heap of history: The politics of waste in socialist and postsocialist Hungary. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

 

Goldstein, Joshua (2006): The remains of the everyday: One hundred years of recycling in Beijing. In: Dong, Madeleine Yue/Goldstein, Joshua (eds): Everyday modernity in China. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 260–302.

 Goldstein, Joshua (2012): Waste. In: Trentmann, Frank (ed.): The Oxford handbook of the history of consumption. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 326–347. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0017

 

Goldstein, Joshua (2017): A pyrrhic victory? The limits to the successful crackdown on informal sector plastics recycling in Wenan county, China. Modern China 43(1), 3–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/0097700416645882

 

Goldstein, Joshua (forthcoming): The remains of the everyday: One hundred years of recycling in Beijing. Berkeley: University of California Press.

 

Grossman, Elizabeth (2007): High tech trash: Digital devices, hidden toxics, and human health. Washington: Island Press/Shearwater Books.

 

Harvey, David (2008): The right to the city. New Left Review (53), 23–40.

 

Huang, Philipp C. C. (2009): China’s neglected informal economy: Reality and theory, Modern China, 35(4), 405–438. https://doi. org/10.1177/0097700409333158

 

Hubbert, Jennifer (2015): “We’re not that kind of developing country”: Environmental awareness in contemporary China. In: Isenhour, Cindy/ McDonogh, Gary/Checker, Melissa (eds): Sustainability in the global city: Myth and practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.

 

Huisman, Jaco et al. (2015): Countering WEEE Illegal Trade (CWIT): Summary report, market assessment, legal analysis, crime analysis and recommendations roadmap. Lyon: Interpol, WEEEForum, UNICRI, UNU-IAS [etc.].

 

ILO [International Labour Organization] (2015): The labour, human health and environmental dimensions of e-waste management in China. Beijing: International Labour Organization, ILO Office for China and Mongolia.

 

Lai, Lili (2016): Hygiene, sociality, and culture in contemporary rural China: The uncanny new village. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. https://doi. org/10.1515/9789048527007

 

Laser, Stefan (2016): Why is it so hard to engage with practices of the informal sector? Experimental insights from the Indian e-waste-collective. Cultural Studies Review 22(1), 168–95. https://doi.org/10.5130/csr.v22i1.4385

 

Lefebvre, Henri (1996): The right to the city. In: Kofman, Eleonore/Lebas, Elizabeth (eds.): Writings on cities. Cambridge, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

 

Li, Shichao (2002): Junk-buyers as the linkage between waste sources and redemption depots in urban China: The case of Wuhan. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 36(4), 319–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/S09213449(02)00054-X

 

Liebman, Adam (2018): No more of your junk. The New Internationalist 516, 24–26.

 

Lora-Wainwright, Anna (2016): The trouble of connection: E-waste in China between state regulation, development regimes and global capitalism. In: Vaccaro, Ismael/Harper, Krista/Murray, Seth (eds.): The anthropology of postindustrialism: Ethnographies of disconnection. New York: Routledge, 113–131.

 

Lora-Wainwright, Anna (2017): E-Waste work: Hierarchies of value and the normalization of pollution in Guiyu. In: Resigned activism: Living with pollution in rural China. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 125–156. https://doi. org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036320.003.0005

 

MEP [Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China] (2017): Catalogue of solid wastes forbidden to import into China by the end of 2017. Notification G/TBT/N/CHN/1211 to the World Trade Organisation. 18.07.2017.

 

MOC [Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China (abolished in 1993)] et al. (1985). Guanyu chengxiang getih shangye jingying feijiu wuzi de zanxing guiding [Provisional rules on individual business’s engagement in waste material], 15.03.1985.

 

MOFCOM [Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China (created in 2003)] et al. (2016). Guanyu tuijin zaisheng ziyuan huishou hangye zhuanxing shengji [Opinion on the upgrade and transformation of the collection and recycling industry], 10.05.2016.

 

Minter, Adam (2013): Junkyard planet: Travels in the billion-dollar trash trade. London: Bloomsbury Press.

 

Puckett, Jim et al. (2002): Exporting harm: The high-tech trashing of Asia. Basel Action Network/Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition.

 

Reddy, Rajyashree N. (2015): Producing abjection: E-waste improvement schemes and informal recyclers of Bangalore. Geoforum 62, 166–174. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.04.003

 

Robbins, Paul (2004): Political ecology: A critical introduction. Chichester: Blackwell.

 

Schulz, Yvan (2015): Towards a new waste regime? Critical reflections on China’s shifting market for high-tech discards. China Perspectives 2015(3), 43–50. Schulz, Yvan (2016): Working on progress: Unauthorized recyclers keep out. Anthropology News, 08.10.2016.

 

Schulz, Yvan (2018): Modern waste: The political ecology of e-scrap recycling in China. Unpublished PhD thesis. University of Neuchâtel. Schulz, Yvan (2019): Street smarts versus smart tech: Chinese DEEE collection and the digitilisation of everything (manuscript in preparation).

 

Schulz, Yvan/Lora-Wainwright, Anna (2019): In the name of circularity: Business slowdown in a Chinese recycling hub. Worldwide Waste (in press).

 

Schulz, Yvan/Steuer, Benjamin (2017): Dealing with discarded e-devices. In: Sternfeld, Eva (ed.): Routledge handbook of environmental policy in China. Abingdon: Routledge, 314–327. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315736761-27

 

SCMP [South China Morning Post] (2017): China’s most notorious e-waste dumping ground now cleaner but poorer, 22.09.2017.

 

Scott, James C. (1998): Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.

 

Solinger, Dorothy (1999): Contesting citizenship in urban China: Peasant migrants, the state, and the logic of the market. Berkeley: University of California Press.

 

Someno, Kenji/Miao, Chang (2016): Circular economy policy and regulation and the venous industry in China. In: Yamamoto, Masachi/Hosoda, Eiji (eds.): The economics of waste management in East Asia. Abingdon/New York: Routledge.

 

State Council (2009): Regulations (no. 551) regarding the administration of the recovery and disposal of waste electronic and electrical products [Feiqi dianqi dianzi chanpin chuli guanli tiaoli (di 551 hao)].

 

Stehr, Nico/Grundmann, Reiner (2011): Experts: The knowledge and power of expertise. Abingdon: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203829646

 

Steuer, Benjamin et al. (2015): Report on existing collection systems for WEEE from households with focus on formal and informal systems. Vienna: REWIN project (BOKU).

 

Steuer, Benjamin et al. (2017): Analysis of the value chain and network structure of informal waste recycling in Beijing, China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 117, 137–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.11.007

 

Tong, Xin/Tao, Dongyan (2016): The rise and fall of a ‘waste city’ in the construction of an ‘urban circular economic system’: The changing landscape of waste in Beijing, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 107, 10–17. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.12.003

 

Tong, Xin/Wang, Jinci (2004): Transnational flows of e-waste and spatial patterns of recycling in China. Eurasian Geography and Economics 45(8), 608–621. https://doi.org/10.2747/1538-7216.45.8.608

 

Wang, Feng et al. (2012): The best-of-2-worlds philosophy: Developing local dismantling and global infrastructure network for sustainable e-waste treatment in emerging economies, Waste Management, 32(11), 2134–2146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.03.029

 

Wang, Feng et al. (2013): E-waste in China: A country report. Bonn: United Nations University.

 

Wang, Jiuliang (2012): Beijing besieged by waste. Icarus Films, 72 min.

 

Wang, Jiuliang (2016): Plastic China. Journeyman Pictures, 86 min. WIEGO [Women in Informal Employment Globalizing and Organizing] (2015): Informality and illegality: Unpacking the relationship. Bonn: WIEGO.

 

World Bank (2005): Waste management in China: Issues and recommendations. East Asia and Pacific Urban Development Sector Unit, World Bank.

 

Yang, Jianxin et al. (2008): WEEE flow and mitigating measures in China, Waste Management 28(9), 1589–1597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.08.019

 

e-waste, recycling, informal sector, exclusion, China

Schlitz, Nicolas

Recycling Economies and the Use-Value of Waste: Scrap Shops in Kolkata, India

Sprache: ENGLISHSeiten: 60-94https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-35-2-60
  • Abstract
  • Literatur
  • Keywords

Informal recycling networks in the Global South have stimulated debates about political economies of recycling in post-colonial contexts. This article retrieves the underrated Marxian notion of use-value to explore how used plastic materials are revalued in the plastic recycling networks of Kolkata, India. Focusing on the role of scrap shops within recycling networks, the relation between informal and formal economic spaces is discussed with reference to Sanyal’s (2007) distinction between needs-based and accumulation economies. It is argued that scrap shops perform the crucial role of translating concrete use-value of wasted plastics into new potential social use-value. Thereby, the analysis contributes to understanding the transformation of value between informal and formal economic space in post-colonial political economy of recycling in India.

Alexander, Catherine/Reno, Joshua (eds.)(2012): Economies of recycling. The global transformation of materials, values and social relations. London, New York: Zed Books.

 

Bagchi, Debarati/Mitra, Iman Kumar (2017): Life, Labour, Recycling: A Study of Waste Management Practices in Contemporary Kolkata. In: Mitra, Iman Kumar/Samaddar, Ranabir/Sen, Samita (eds.): Accumulation in Post-Colonial Capitalism. Singapore: Springer, 149–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-101037-8_8

 

Bair, Jennifer/Werner, Marion (2011): Commodity chains and the uneven geographies of global capitalism: a disarticulations perspective. In: Environment and Planning A 43(5), 988-997. https://doi.org/10.1068/a43505

 

Braun, Boris/Oßenbrügge, Jürgen/Schulz, Christian (2018): Environmental Economic Geography and Environmental Inequality: Challenges and New Research Prospects. In: Zeitschrift Für Wirtschaftsgeographie 62(2), 120–134. https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2018-0001

 

Chattopadhyay, Subhasish/Dutta, Amit/Ray Subhabrata (2009): Municipal Solid Waste Management in Kolkata, India – A Review. In: Waste Management 29(4), 1449–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.08.030

 Chaturvedi, Bharati/Gidwani, Vinay (2011): The Right to Waste. Informal Sector Recyclers and Struggles for Social Justice in Post-Reform Urban India. In: Ahmed, Waquar/Kundu, Amitabh/Peet Richard (eds.): India’s New Economic Policy: A Critical Analysis. New York and Abingdon: Routledge, 125-153.

 

Crang, Mike/Hughes, Alex/Gregson, Nicky/Norris, Lucy/Ahamed, Farid (2013): Rethinking governance and value in commodity chains through global recycling networks. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 38(1), 12-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2012.00515.x

 

Das, Swapan/Bhattacharyya Bidyut Kr. (2013): Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics and Management in Kolkata, India. In: International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 3(2), 147–151. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-642-38442-4_147

 

De Angelis, Massimo (2001): Marx and Primitive Accumulation: The Continuous Character of Capital’s ‘Enclosures’. In: The Commoner 2, 1-22.

 

Demaria, Federico/Schindler, Seth (2016): Contesting Urban Metabolism: Struggles Over Waste-to-Energy in Delhi, India. In: Antipode 48(2), 293-313. https://doi. org/10.1111/anti.12191

 

Federici, Silvia (2004): Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation. New York: Autonomedia.

 

Franz, Martin/Schlitz, Nicolas/Schumacher, Kim Philip (2018): Globalization and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus – Using the Global Production Networks Approach to Analyze Society-Environment Relations. In: Environmental Science & Policy 90 (December 2018), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envsci.2017.12.004

 

Gereffi, Gary/Humphrey, John/Sturgeon, Timothy (2005): The Governance of Global Value Chains. In: Review of International Political Economy 12(1), 78–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290500049805

 

Ghosh, Dhrubajyoti (2017): The Trash Diggers. Rethinking Solid Waste Management in Urban India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

 

Gidwani, Vinay (2015): The work of waste: inside India’s infra-economy. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 40(4), 575–595. https://doi. org/10.1111/tran.12094

 

Gidwani, Vinay (2018): Abstract and concrete labor in the age of informality. In: Coleman, Mat/Agnew, John (eds): Handbook on the Geographies of Power. Cheltenham, Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 164–177. https://doi. org/10.4337/9781785365645.00017

 

Gidwani, Vinay/Baviskar, Amita (2011): Urban Commons. In: Economic & Political Weekly 46(50), 42-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00902.x Gidwani, Vinay/Reddy, Rajyashree N. (2011): The Afterlives of “Waste”: Notes from India for a Minor History of Capitalist Surplus. In: Antipode 43(5), 1625–1658.

 

Gill, Kaveri (2012): Of Poverty and Plastic: Scavenging and Scrap Trading Entrepreneurs in India’s Urban Informal Economy. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Gille, Zsuzsa (2007): From the Cult of Waste to the Trash Heap of History: The Politics of Waste in Socialist and Postsocialist Hungary. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

 

Gille, Zsuzsa (2010): Actor Networks, Modes of Production, and Waste Regimes: Reassembling the Macro-Social. In: Environment and Planning A 42(5), 1049– 1064. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42122

 

Gough, Ian (1972): Marx’s Theory of Productive and Unproductive Labour. In: New Left Review 76, 47-72.

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike (2010): Materiality and waste: inorganic vitality in a networked world. In: Environment and Planning A 42(5), 1026–1032. https:// doi.org/10.1068/a43176

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike (2015): From Waste to Resource: The Trade in Waste and Global Recycling Economies. In: Annual Review of Environment and Resources 40, 151-176. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021105

 

Gregson, Nicky/Crang, Mike/Ahamed, Farid/Akhter, N./Ferdous, R. (2010): Following things of rubbish value: End-of-life ships, ‘chock-chocky’ furniture and the Bangladeshi middle class consumer. In: Geoforum 41(6), 846–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.05.007

 

Harvey, David (2003): The ‘New’ Imperialism: Accumulation by Dispossession. In: Panitch, Leo/Leys, Colin (eds.): Socialist Register 2004: The New Imperial Challenge. London: The Merlin Press, 63-87.

 

Henderson, Jeffrey/Dicken, Peter/Hess, Martin/Coe, Neil/Yeung, Henry W. (2002): Global Production Networks and the Analysis of Economic Development. In: Review of International Political Economy 9(3), 436–464. https://doi. org/10.1080/09692290210150842

 

Hazra, Tumpa/Goel, Sudha (2009): Solid Waste Management in Kolkata, India: Practices and Challenges. In: Waste Management 29(1), 470–78. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.023

 

Herod, Andrew/Pickren, Graham/Rainnie, Al/McGrath-Champ, Susan (2013): Waste, commodity fetishism and the ongoingness of economic life. In: Area 45(3), 376-382. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12022

 

Herod, Andrew/Pickren, Graham/Rainnie, Al/McGrath-Champ, Susan (2014): Global destruction networks, labour and waste. In: Journal of Economic Geography 14(2), 421-441. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbt015

 

Horton, Stephen (1997): Value, Waste and the Built Environment: A Marxian Analysis. In: Capitalism Nature Socialism 8(2), 127–139. https://doi. org/10.1080/10455759709358740

 

Lepawsky, Josh/Mather, Charles (2011): From Beginnings and Endings to Boundaries and Edges: Rethinking Circulation and Exchange through Electronic Waste. In: Area 43(3), 242–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14754762.2011.01018.x

 

Martinez-Alier, Joan (2008): Languages of Valuation. In: Economic & Political Weekly 43(48), 28-32.
 
Marx, Karl (1990[1867]): Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. Volume One. London: Penguin.

 

Moore, Sarah (2011): Global garbage: waste, trash trading, and local garbage politics. In: Peet, Richard/Robbins, Paul/Watts, Michael (ed.): Global Political Ecology. New York: Routledge, 133-144.

 

Mutha, Nitin H./Patel, Martin/Premnath, V. (2006): Plastics materials flow analysis for India. In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling 47(3), 222–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.09.003

 

Reddy, Rajyashree N. (2015): Producing abjection: E-waste improvement schemes and informal recyclers of Bangalore. In: Geoforum, 62(June), 166-174. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.04.003

 

Rosdolsky, Roman (1977 [1968]): The Making of Marx’s ‘Capital’. London: Pluto Press.

 

Samson, Melanie (2017): Not Just Recycling the Crisis: Producing Value at a Soweto Garbage Dump. In: Historical Materialism 25(1), 36–62. https://doi. org/10.1163/1569206X-12341514

 

Sanyal, Kalyan (2007): Rethinking Capitalist Development: Primitive Accumulation, Governmentality & Post-Colonial Capitalism. New Delhi, Oxon: Routledge. Seabrook, Jeremy/Siddiqui, Imran Ahmed (2011): People without History: India’s Muslim Ghettos. New Delhi: Navayana Publishing.

 

Seppälä, Tiina (2014): Biopolitics, Resistance and the Neoliberal Development Paradigm. In: Journal Für Entwicklungspolitik 30(1), 88–103. https://doi. org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-30-1-88

 

Trettin, Lutz (2002): Abfallwirtschaft und informeller Sektor in der City of Calcutta: Struktur, Funktionsweise und Verwundbarkeit des Entsorgungssystems einer südasiatischen Metropole. Bochumer Geographische Arbeiten - 69. Bochum: Geograph. Inst. der Ruhr-Univ. Bochum.

 

Wilson, David C./Araba, Adebisi O./Chinwah, Kaine/Cheeseman, Christopher R. (2009): Building recycling rates through the informal sector. In: Waste Management 29(2), 629-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.06.016

 

World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)(2016): Informal Approaches towards a circular economy – learning from the plastic recycling sector in India. https://docs.wbcsd.org/2016/11/wbcsd_informalapproaches.pdf, 28.2.2019.

 

Zhu, Da/Asnani, P.U./Zurbrügg, Chris/Anapolsky, Sebastian/Mani, Shyamala (2008): Improving Municipal Solid Waste Management in India: A Sourcebook for Policy Makers and Practitioners. Washington: World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-7361-3

 

List of Interviews

 

Int2: small-size scrap shop; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Nov. 19, 2016.

 

Int5: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Nov. 25, 2016.

 

Int6: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in North Kolkata on Dec. 3, 2016.

 

Int7: small-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Dec. 4, 2016.

 

Int8: small-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Dec. 4, 2016.

 

Int9: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Dec. 4, 2016.

 

Int13: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Dec. 10, 2016.

 

Int14: small-size scrap shop; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Dec. 10, 2016.

 

Int17: big-size scrap shop; conducted in East Kolkata on Dec. 15, 2016.

 

Int22: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Jan. 19, 2017.

 

Int25: middle-size scrap shop; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Jan. 24, 2017.

 

Int26: big-size scrap shop; conducted in East Kolkata on Jan. 24, 2017.

 

Int30: small-size scrap shop; conducted in South Kolkata on Jan. 26, 2017. Int31: Kolkata Municipal Corporation; interview conducted on Jan. 30, 2017.

 

Int34: NGO representative; interview conducted in East Kolkata on Feb. 6, 2017.

 

Int37: Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology; interview in Haldia on Feb. 8, 2017.

 

Int42: plastic manufacturer; interview conducted in Old Kolkata on Feb. 14, 2017.

 

Int43: West Bengal Pollution Control Board; interview conducted on Feb. 17, 2017. WasteWalk3: WasteWalk conducted in Old Kolkata on Nov. 2, 2016

manual scavenging, caste-based discrimination, technological solutions, rehabilitation schemes, graded hierarchy of caste

 

Iyer, Ivan

The ‘Abolishing’ of Manual Scavenging: Negotiations with Caste and Occupation in Ahmedabad

Sprache: ENGLISHSeiten: 95-115https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-35-2-95
  • Abstract
  • Literatur
  • Keywords

Despite laws prohibiting the occupation of manual scavenging, it is widely prevalent in India. While it is recognised as a hazardous and undignified occupation that involves the manual handling of excreta, it is also recognised as a form of caste-based discrimination that is performed by the lowest Dalit castes in India. In Ahmedabad, manual scavenging and sanitation work is performed by the Bhangis who lack access to alternative occupations and bear the brunt of untouchability. While sanitation workers, activists, NGOs and trade unions attempt to uncover the prevalence of manual scavenging in Ahmedabad, government bodies continue to deny the existence of manual scavenging and caste based discrimination as such. In this paper, I look at the ways in which the occupation of manual scavenging is articulated, contested and negotiated by the aforementioned actors in Ahmedabad.

 

Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji (1944): Annihilation of Caste. With a Reply to Mahatma Gandhi. Bombay: Y. B.Ambedkar.

 

Dhar, Damayantee (2016): After Historic Strike, a new dawn for Ahmedabad‘s Sanitation Workers. https://thewire.in/labour/historic-strike-new-dawnahmedabads-sanitation-workers, 26.07.2018

 

D‘Souza, Paul (2005): Urbanization, Exclusion and Identity: A Study of Scavengers in Ahmedabad (Gujarat) [Unpublished Dissertation]. New Delhi: Center for the Study of Social Systems, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University.

Government of India (1993): The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993. Act No.46 of 1993. Government of India.

 

Government of India (2013): The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013. Act No.25 of 2013. Government of India.

 

Human Rights Watch (2014): Cleaning Human Waste: “Manual Scavenging”, Caste, and Discrimination in India. Printed in the United States of America: Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/08/25/cleaninghuman-waste/manual-scavenging-caste-and-discrimination-india, 20.10.2018.

 

Janvikas (2012): Status of Scavenging Community in India. Ahmedabad: Janvikas.

 

Jha, Satish (2014): In HC, govt contradicts CAG report: ‘No manual scavenging in the state after 2007’. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/in-hcgovt-contradicts-cag-report-no-manual-scavenging-in-the-state-after-2007/, 26.12.2018.

 

Jodhka, Surinder (2002): Sikhism and the Caste Question: Dalits and their Politics in Contemporary Punjab. In: Gupta Dipankar (ed.): Caste in Question: Identity or Hierarchy? Contributions to Indian Sociology. Occassional Studies 1.New Delhi: Sage Publications.

 

Kaamdar Swasthya Suraksha Mandal (1997): Health status of sewerage workers of Ahmedabad city. Ahmedabad: Health Forum, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Smt.

 

NHL Municipal Medical College. Keane, David (2007): Caste-based Discrimination in International Human Rights Law. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

 

Macwan, Martin (1998): Story of Denial: What Media Has to Say. Ahmedabad. http://questforequity.org/contents/Papers/Story%20of%20Denial%20-%20 What%20the%20Media%20Has%20to%20Say,%20Martin%20Macwan..pdf, 20.10.2018.

 

National Safai Karamchari Finance and Development Corporation (2018): The Self Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers (SRMS). https://nskfdc.nic.in/en/content/revised-srms/self-employment-schemerehabilitation-manual-scavengers-srms, 20.10.2018.

 

Prashad, Vijay (2001): Untouchable Freedom: A Social History of a Dalit Community. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

 

Shah, Ghanshyam (2013): Understanding or ignoring Untouchability: How Gujarat government-sponsored study examines discrimination in a ‚very casual way‘. https://counterview.org/2013/11/13/understanding-or-ignoring-untouchabilitygujarat-government-sponsored-study-examines-discrimination-in-a-verycasual-way/, 3.10.2018.

 

Valmiki, Om Prakash (2014): Safai Devta. New Delhi: Radhakrishna Prakashan.

 

Vyas, Kshitij/Mehta, Akshay(2006): SCA/11706/2004 Bo. U/4057/2006 [SCA No.8989 of 2001] Common Oral Judgement. Published as Booklet titled “A Historical Judgment by The Gujarat High Court: a ray of hope for the manhole workers”. Ahmedabad: Kaamdar Swasthya Suraksha Mandal.

 

Shaikh, Ashif (2018): Seven Govt Surveys to Count Manual Scavengers Couldn‘t Agree on How Many There Are.https://thewire.in/government/seven-govtsurveys-to-count-manual-scavengers-couldnt-agree-on-how-many-there-are, 27.10.2018.

 

Subrahmaniam, Vidya (2016): ‚Our fight is for the restoration of the Constitutional Vision‘: Bezwada Wilson. https://www.thehinducentre.com/the-arena/currentissues/article8928070.ece, 26.07.2018.

manual scavenging, caste-based discrimination, technological solutions, rehabilitation schemes, graded hierarchy of caste

 

de Carvalho Vallin, Isabella; Lopes Francelino Gonçalves Dias, Sylmara

The Double Burden of Environmental Injustice in a Female Waste Pickers Cooperative in Brazil

Sprache: ENGLISHSeiten: 116-144https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-35-2-116
  • Abstract
  • Literatur
  • Keywords

This   article   examines   the   relationship   between   the   environmental  injustice  and  the  consubstantiality  present  in  everyday  life  of  female waste pickers from a cooperative in Brazil. For the French materialist feminists perspectives, consubstantiality means intersection among class, race, and  gender.  In  this  case-study,  were  interviewed  16  female  waste  pickers  of  the  Rose  Cooperative  in  Flowers  Garden  Slum,  City  of  São  Paulo.  In  order  to  analyses  the  consubstantiality,  three  concepts  were  adopted:  urban  spatial  segregation to understand class aspects; racial division of labour for race; and, sexual  division  of  labour  for  gender  issues.  These  three  concepts  are  related  to environmental injustice and form the framework applied to analyse waste pickers’ housing conditions and workplaces. Environmental injustice in housing was identified. Environmental risks associated with the waste picking activity and the infrastructure conditions of the cooperative were also recognised. It has been observed that women are more exposed to risks on account of the double burden. The consubstantiality defines the daily life of the housing and working conditions of the female waste pickers. It was concluded that the female waste pickers are exposed to a ‘ double burden of environmental injustice’: one related to housing risks and the other one to the precariousness of their work.

 

Acserald, Henri/Herculano, S./Pádua, J.A. (2004): A justiça ambiental e a dinâmica das lutas socio-ambientais no Brasil – uma introdução. In: Acserald, Henri/ Herculano, S./Pádua, J.A. (eds.): Justiça Ambiental e Cidadania. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Relume-Dumará, 9-20.

 

Bullard, Robert D./Glenn S. Johnson (2000): Environmentalism and public policy: Environmental justice: Grassroots activism and its impact on public policy decision making. In: Journal of Social Issues 56(3), 555-578. https://doi. org/10.1111/0022-4537.00184

 

Bilge, Sirma (2009): Théorisations féministes de l’intersectionnalité. Diogène 225, 70-88. https://doi.org/10.3917/dio.225.0070

 

Bonetti, Alinne /Abreu, Maria Aparecida (2011): Faces da desigualdade de gênero e raça no Brasil. Brasília: Ipea, 164 p. Brasil (2010): Lei Federal nº12.305 de 2 de agosto de 2010. Institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos; altera a Lei nº 9.605 de 12 de fevereiro de 1998; e dá outras providências. [online]. Avaiable in: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ ccivil_03/ato2007-2010/2010/lei/112305.htm.

 

Burawoy, Michael (1998): The Extended Case Method. In: Sociological Theory 16(1), 4-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00040

 

Cherfem, Carolina (2014): Consubstancialidade de gênero, classe e raça no trabalho coletivo/associativo. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Tese de doutorado.

 

Crenshaw, Kimberlé W. (1989): Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Discrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. In: The University of Chicago Legal Forum 140, 139-167. Davis, Mike (2006): Planet of Slums. London: Verso. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15405842.2006.00797.x

 

De Pádua Bosi, Antonio (2008): Organização capitalista do trabalho “informal”: o caso dos catadores de recicláveis. In: Revista Brasileira de ciências sociais 23(67), 101-116. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-69092008000200008

 

Denzin, Norman K./Lincoln, Yvonna S. (2000): Introduction: The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In: Denzin, Norman K./Lincoln, Yvonna S. (eds.): Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: Sage ublications, 1-28.

 

Dias, Sonia/Matos, Marlise/Ogando, Ana C. (2013): Mujeres Recicladoras: contruyendo uma agenda de gênero em las organizaciones de recicladore. In: Castellano, Fernando L. (ed.): Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo: Miradas feministas desde ambos hemisférios. Granada: Universidade de Granada, 221-240.

 

Fraser, Heather (2004): Doing Narrative Research: Analysing Personal Stories Line by Line. In: Qualitative Social Work 3(2), 179-201. https://doi. org/10.1177/1473325004043383

 

Galon, Tanyse/Marziale, Maria H. (2016): Condições de trabalho e saúde de catadores de materiais recicláveis na América Latina: Uma revisão de escopo. In: Pereira, Bruna C.J./ Goes, Fernanda L. (eds): Catadores de materiais recicláveis: um encontro nacional. Brasília: IPEA, 169-199.

 

Godoy, Samuel (2015): Muito além da lata de lixo: a construção da política pública e a organização do mercado de limpeza urbana no município de São Paulo. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. doi:10.11606/D.8.2016.tde-12012016135131.

 

Gonçalves-Dias, Sylmara (2009): Catadores: uma perspectiva de sua inserção no campo da indústria de reciclagem. Universidade de São Paulo, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Ambiental. Tese de doutorado. São Paulo.

 

Hasenbalg, Carlos/Silva, Nelson do Valle (1999): Nota sobre desigualdade racial e política no Brasil. In: Hasenbalg, Carlos/Silva, Nelson do Valle/Lima, Marcia (eds.): Cor e Estratificação Social. Rio de Janeiro: Contra Capa. Hirata, Helena (2014): Gênero, Classe e Raça: interseccionalidade e consubstancialidade das relações sociais. In: Tempo Social 26(1), 61-73.

Hollway, Wendy/Jefferson, Tony (2008): The free association narrative interview method. In: Given, Lisa M. (ed.): The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. Sevenoaks: Sage, 296–315. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE: Censo 2010. http://www. censo2010.ibge.gov.br, 30.6.2016.

 

Kergoat, Danièle (2003): Divisão Sexual do Trabalho e Relações Sociais de Sexo. In: Emilio, Marli/Teixeira, Marilane/Nobre, Miriam/Godinho, Tatau (eds.): Trabalho e Cidadania Ativa para as Mulheres: Desafios para as Políticas Públicas. São Paulo: Coordenadoria Especial da Mulher. https://doi. org/10.1590/S0101-33002010000100005

Kergoat, Danièle (2010): Dinâmica e consubstancialidade das relações sociais. In: Novos Estudos CEBRAP 86, 93-103.

 

Leubolt, Bernhard/Romão, Wagner de Melo (2017): Social-Ecological Innovation in Brazil: The collective Survival Strategy of the collectors of Recyclable Material. In: Journal für Entwicklungspolitik 33(2), 36-57. https://doi.org/10.20446/ JEP-2414-3197-33-2-36

 

Movimento Nacional de Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis – MNCR (2014): Mulheres são maioria entre Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis. http://www. mncr.org.br/noticias/noticias-regionais/mulheres-sao-maioria-entre-catadoresorganizados-em-cooperativas, 23.4.2016.

 

Martinez-Alier, Joan (2003): The Environmentalism of the poor: a study of ecological conflicts and valuation. Cheltenham/Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.

 

Neumayer, Eric/Plümper, Thomas (2007): The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981-2002. In: Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97(3), 551–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00563.x

Pádua, José Augusto (2002): Um sopro de destruição: pensamento político e crítica ambiental no Brasil escravista, 1786-1888. Zahar.

 

Porto, Marcelo F.S. (2011): Complexidade, processos de vulnerabilização e justiça ambiental: um ensaio de epistemologia política. In: Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais 93, 31-58. https://doi.org/10.4000/rccs.133

 

Quijano, Aníbal (2005): Colonialidade do poder, Eurocentrismo e América Latina. In: Lander, Edgardo (ed.): A Colonialidade do saber. Eurocentrismo e ciências sociais. Perspectivas latino-americanas. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 227-278.

 

Samson, Melanie (2009): Refusing to be Cast Aside: Waste Pickers Organising Around the World. Cambridge: Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO).

Secretaria Municipal do Verde e Meio Ambiente – SVMA/ Secretaria de Planejamento do município de São Paulo – SEMPLA (2002): Atlas ambiental do município de São Paulo. São Paulo.

Silva, Sandro Pereira/Goes, Fernanda Lira/Alvarez, Albino Rodrigues (2013): Situação social das catadoras e dos catadores de material reciclável e reutilizável. Brasília: Ipea.

 

Tavares, Rossana (2015): Indiferença: espaços urbanos de resistência na perspectiva das desigualdades de Gênero. Rio de Janeiro: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Urbanismos. Tese de doutorado.

 

Unger, Nancy. (2008). The Role of Gender in Environmental Justice. Environmental Justice, 1(3), 115-120. Villaça, Flávio (2011): São Paulo: segregação urbana e desigualdade. In: Estudos avançados 25(71), 37-58. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142011000100004

 

Wilson, David C./Rodic, Ljiljana/Scheinberg, Anne/Velis, Costas A./ Alabaster, Graham (2012): Comparative analysis of solid waste management in 20 cities. Waste Management & Research 30(3), 237-254. https://doi. org/10.1177/0734242X12437569

 

Wirth, I.G. (2013): Mulheres na triagem, homens na prensa: questões de gênero em cooperativas de catadores. São Paulo: Annablume/Fapesp.

 

List of interviews

 

Interview 1: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, A.C.P.], 25 years old, white, 10/14/2016, translated by authors.

 

Interview 2: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, M.C.S.], 37 years old, black, 10/14/2016, translated by authors.

 

Interview 3: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, J.M.], 36 years old, black, 10/14/2016, translated by authors.

 

Interview 4: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, H.D.S.], 48 years old, black, 10/21/2016, translated by authors.

 

Interview 5: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, F.C.B.], 48 years old, black 10/21/2016, translated by authors.

 

Interview 6: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, V.S.], 31 years old, white 10/28/2016, translated by authors

 

Interview 7: slum dweller/waste picker [descripton, R.E.F.], 25 years old, black 10/28/2016, translated by authors

 waste, informality, marginalisation, Global North/South

 

Hafner, Robert; Zirkl, Frank

Waste De_marginalised? A Comparative Analysis of the Socio-Economic Effects of In_formal Recycling Activities. Argentina, Brazil and Germany Revisited

Sprache: ENGLISHSeiten: 145-167https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-35-2-145
  • Abstract
  • Literatur
  • Keywords

Waste collection and recycling increasingly appears on the socioeconomic and political agenda both in the Global South and North. In the case of waste pickers, Latin America has a long-standing past of dealing with informal and marginalised activities, slowly making their way towards formalisation. In this paper we make two arguments. First, on a conceptual level, we highlight the implication of the semantics and synonyms of waste, which are then reflected in the ambivalence and de-dichotomised way of understanding de_marginalisation and the in_formal. Second, we empirically compare cases from Argentina and Brazil with Germany to highlight the pitfalls of Eurocentric perspectives on in_formal waste management.

 

Bierbrauer, Laura von (2011): Recuperadores urbanos. Abfallsammeln als Überlebensstrategie auf den Straßen von Buenos Aires. Berlin, Münster: LIT.

 

Boy, Martín/Paiva, Verónica (2009): El sector informal en la recolección y recuperación de residuos de la cuidad de Buenos Aires. 2001-2008. In: Quivera, 11(1), 1–11.

 

Braun, Joachim von/Gatzweiler, Franz (2014): Marginality - An Overview and Implications for Policy. In: Braun, Joachim von/Gatzweiler, Franz W. (eds.): Marginality. Addressing the Nexus of Poverty, Exclusion and Ecology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-0077061-4_1

 

Brissac-Peixoto, Nelson (2009): Latin American Cities: the new urban formlessness. In: Biron, Rebecca (ed.): City/art. The urban scene in Latin America. Durham N.C.: Duke University Press, 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822390732011

 

Catterfeld, Philipp/Knecht, Alban (eds.) (2015): Flaschensammeln. Überleben in der Stadt. Konstanz, München: UVK Verlagsgesellschaft Konstanz.

 

Cheng, Lu-Lin/Gereffi, Gary (1994): The Informal Economy in East Asian Development. In: International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 18: 194–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1994.tb00262.x Demajorovic, Jaques/Lima, Márcia (2013): Cadeia de reciclagem. Um olhar para os catadores. São Paulo: SESC.

 

Grant, Richard (2015): Africa. Geographies of change, Oxford Univ. Press: New York, NY. Hafner, Robert (2014): handlung | macht | raum. Urbane MaterialsammlerKooperativen und ihre Livelihoods-Strategien in Buenos Aires. Wien, Berlin, Münster: LIT. IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística ) (ed., 2018): Perfil dos Municípios Brasileiros. Saneamento Básico. Rio de Janeiro.

 

International Labour Office (1972): Employment, incomes and equality: a strategy for increasing productive employment in Kenya: Geneva.

 

International Labour Office (1993): Report of the Conference. Fifteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians. Geneva, 19 - 28 January 1993.
164   
 

International Labour Office (2015): The changing nature of jobs. Geneva. Inverardi-Ferri, Carlo (2017): The enclosure of ‘waste land’. Rethinking informality and dispossession. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 26, 1–14.

 

Keller, Reiner (2009): Müll - Die gesellschaftliche Konstruktion des Wertvollen. Die öffentliche Diskussion über Abfall in Deutschland und Frankreich. Wiesbaden: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91731-3

 

Komlosy, Andrea (2015): Informalität aus globalhistorischer Perspektive. In: Journal für Entwicklungspolitik, 31, 36–58. https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-314-36

 

Komlosy, Andrea/Parnreiter, Christof/Stacher, Irene/Zimmermann, Susan (1997): Der informelle Sektor: Konzepte, Widersprüche und Debatten. In: Komlosy, Andrea/Delapina, Franz (eds.): Ungeregelt und unterbezahlt. Der informelle Sektor in der Weltwirtschaft. Frankfurt: Brandes & Aspel/Südwind, 9–28.

 

Mahnkopf, Birgit/Altvater, Elmar (2015): Informelle Arbeit und das Leben in Unsicherheit. In: Journal für Entwicklungspolitik, 31, 12–35. https://doi. org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-31-4-12

 

Meagher, Kate (2003): A Back Door to Globalisation? Structural Adjustment, Globalisation & Transborder Trade in West Africa. In: Review of African Political Economy, 30: 57–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240308374

 

Mesa, Pablo Edgardo (2010): Los recuperadores urbanos en la gran ciudad metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros. Mingione, Enzo (1983): Informalization, restructuring and the survival strategies of the working class. In: International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 7, 311–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1983.tb00597.x

 

Moore, Sarah A. (2012): Garbage matters. In: Progress in Human Geography, 36, 780–799. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132512437077

 

Moser, Caroline O.N. (1978): Informal sector or petty commodity production. Dualism or dependence in urban development? In: World Development, 6, 1041–1064. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(78)90062-1

 

Moser, Sebastian J. (2014): Pfandsammler. Erkundungen einer urbanen Sozialfigur. Hamburg: Hamburger Ed. HIS Verl.-Ges. Neuwirth, Robert (2012): Stealth of nations. The global rise of the informal economy. New York: Anchor Books. Oteng-Ababio, Martin/Amankwaa, Ebenezer Forkuo/Chama, Mary Anti (2014): The local contours of scavenging for e-waste and higher-valued constituent parts in Accra, Ghana. In: Habitat International, 43, 163–171. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.03.003

 

Oteng-Ababio, Martin/Owusu, George/Chama, Mary (2016): Intelligent enterprise. Wasting, valuing and re-valuing waste electrical and electronic equipment. In: The Geographical Journal, 182, 265–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12140

 

Pelc, Stanko (2017): Marginality and Marginalization. In: Chand, Raghubir/Nel, Etienne/Pelc, Stanko (eds.): Societies, Social Inequalities and Marginalization.


Marginal Regions in the 21st Century. Cham: Springer, 13–28. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-319-50998-3_2

 

Pereira, Bruna Cristina Jaquetto/Goes, Fernanda Lira (2016): Catadores de materiais recicláveis. Um encontro nacional. Brasília, DF: IPEA. Phillips, Nicola (2011): Informality, global production networks and the dynamics of ‘adverse incorporation’. In: Global Networks, 11, 380–397. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2011.00331.x

 

Portes, Alejandro/Castells, Manuel (eds.) (1991): The informal economy. Studies in advanced and less developed countries. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Univ. Pr. Roy, Anaya (ed.) (2004): Urban informality. Transnational perspectives from the Middle East, Latin America, and South Asia. Lanham Md.: Lexington Books. Samers, Michael (2005): The Myopia of “Diverse Economies”, or a Critique of the “Informal Economy”. In: Antipode, 37, 875–886. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.00664812.2005.00537.x

 

Samson, Melanie (2015): Accumulation by dispossession and the informal economy – Struggles over knowledge, being and waste at a Soweto garbage dump. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 33 (5), 813–830. https://doi. org/10.1177/0263775815600058 Schamber, Pablo (2009) Una Aproximación Histórica Y Estructural Sobre El Fenómeno Cartonero en Buenos Aires. Accessed January 1, 2019 from: http:// www.mininterior.gov.ar/asuntos_politicos_y_alectorales/incap/clases/Paper_ Schamber-1.pdf

 

Sicular, Daniel T. (1992): Scavengers, recyclers, and solutions for solid waste management in Indonesia. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California at Berkeley Sittel, Johanna/Berti, Natalia/Buffalo, Luciana/Schmalz, Stefan/Vidosa, Regina (2015): Reflexionen zum Informalitätskonzept am Beispiel der argentinischen Automobilindustrie. In: Journal für Entwicklungspolitik, 31, 59–82. https://doi. org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-31-4-59

 

Der Standard (Jan. 5th, 2018): China will keinen Plastikabfall aus Europa mehr. Suárez, Francisco (1998) Que las recojan y las lleven fuera de la Ciudad. Buenos Aires: Universidad de General Sarmiento. Trudeau, Dan/McMorran, Chris (2011): The Geographies of Marginalisation. In: Casino, Vincent J. Del/Thomas, Mary E./Cloke, Paul/Panelli, Ruth (eds.): A Companion to Social Geography. Malden, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 437–453. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444395211.ch25

 

Varley, Ann (2013): Postcolonialising informality? In: Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 31, 4–22. https://doi.org/10.1068/d14410 Yiftachel, Oren (2009): Theoretical Notes On ‘Gray Cities’. The Coming of Urban Apartheid? In: Planning Theory, 8, 88–100. https://doi. org/10.1177/1473095208099300

Zirkl, Frank (2007): Die Bedeutung der urbanen Ver- und Entsorgung für eine nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung in Brasilien. Das Fallbeispiel Curitiba. Tübingen: Geograph. Inst. der Univ. Tübingen.

 waste, informality, marginalisation, Global North/South

 

Eitel, Kathrin

Matter in and out of Place: A Story About Wastefulness, Hybridity, and Flows of Plastic (Photo Essay)

Sprache: ENGLISHSeiten: 166-196https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-35-2-167
  • Abstract
  • Literatur
  • Keywords

Plastics are in our oceans, creating garbage islands, contaminating seawater, and are a serious threat to the world’s environment. Therefore, plastic and its debris are highly visible in scientific and societal discourses and common knowledge. Looking from a different perspective of waste and its debris, especially in its relation to question of what is (from) human and what not, we may, from a phenomenological perspective, examine different angles of the visibility and non-visibility of plastic. The unwanted, or the dirt, which is called a ‘matter out of place’, according to Mary Douglas, is omnipresent. But if dirt is out of place for one person, couldn’t it conversely then be in place for someone else? The following photo-essay aims to answer this question while focusing on the visibility and invisibility of material waste in its environment. Concretely, it allows an insight into the ecology of waste.

Barad, Karen (2007): Meeting the Universe Halfway. Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Durham: Duke Univ. Press. https://doi. org/10.1215/9780822388128

 

Discard Studies (2019): Social studies of waste, pollution & externalities. https:// discardstudies.com/what-is-discard-studies/, 03.01.2019.

 

Douglas, Mary (2001 [1966]): Purity and Danger. An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London: Routledge.

 

Gigault, Julien / Halle, Alexandra Ter / Baudrimont, Magalie / Pascal, PierreYves / Gauffre, Fabienne / Phi, Thuy-Linh / El Hadri, Hind / Grassl, Bruno / Reynaud, Stéphanie (2018): Current opinion: What is a nanoplastic? In: Environmental Pollution 235, 1030–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.024

 

Hawkins, Gay (2006): The Ethics of Waste. How We Relate to Rubbish. Lanham u. a.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc. Jambeck, Jenna R. / Geyer, Roland / Wilcox, Chris / Siegler, Theodore R. / Perryman, Miriam / Andrady, Anthony / Narayan, Ramani / Law, Kara Lavender (2015): Marine pollution. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. In: Science 347/6223, 768-771. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260352

 

Reid, Alex / Haissoune, Amick / Ferber, Paul (2017): Koh Seh Environmental Assessment. Marine Survey Report. https://www. marineconservationcambodia.org/blogs-news-and-history/mcc-newsupdates/150-2017-marine-survey-reports-koh-seh-man-prang-and-angkrong, 03.01.2019.

Photo-Essay

Liboiron, Max

Max Liboiron. Discard Studies: Doing Science Differently (Interview)

Sprache: ENGLISHSeiten: 197-216https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-35-2-197
  • Abstract
  • Keywords

The interview with Max Liboiron, managing editor of Discard Studies and director of the Civic Laboratory for Environmental Action Research (CLEAR), deals with the establishment of the blog Discard Studies, the principles and practices of the feminist, anti-colonial research lab CLEAR (Civic Laboratory for Environmental Action Research), and a critical perspective on waste and plastic pollution. Liboiron is a feminist environmental scientist, based at Memorial University, who works with innovative methods and considers herself an activist. Our conversation functions as an alternative introduction to matters of waste and globalised inequalities.

Interview

Laser, Stefan

Who Carries the Weight of Digital Technologies? What is its Weight Anyway? (Essay)

Sprache: ENGLISHSeiten: 217-227https://doi.org/10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-35-2-217
  • Abstract
  • Literatur
  • Keywords

“Reassembling Rubbish: Worlding Electronic Waste” (2018, MIT Press) is the new book of Canadian geographer Josh Lepawsky. It comes with a plea for a new kind of politics, and it tackles fundamental ethical questions, most importantly: what is the right thing to do with e-waste? The discussion about e-waste in Europe is still in its infancy, especially when we compare it to the numerous books and articles that discuss the information economy via themes such as Big Data or automation. This is a pity, because Lepawsky shows us that we can learn more about these very things through the lens of discarded electronics. After all, a lot is at stake: reducing the overall amount of toxic waste, while also tackling inequalities that are inscribed in the global recycling industries of e-waste.

Bataille, Georges (1985): Visions of Excess: Selected Writings 1927–1939. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Gabrys, Jennifer (2011): Digital Rubbish: A Natural History of Electronics. New. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. https://doi.org/10.3998/ dcbooks.9380304.0001.001


Gille, Zsuzsa (2007): From the Cult of Waste to the Trash Heap of History: The Politics of Waste in Socialist and Postsocialist Hungary. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

 

Jackson, Steven (2014). Rethinking Repair. In: Gillespie, Tarleton /Boczkowski, Pablo J./ Foot, Kirsten A. (eds.): Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society. Cambridge: MIT Press, 221–239. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262525374.003.0011

 

Latour, Bruno (2005): Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-NetworkTheory. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.

 

Law, John (2004): After Method: Mess in Social Science Research. London: Routledge Chapman & Hall.

 

Lepawsky, Josh (2014): The Changing Geography of Global Trade in Electronic Discards: Time to Rethink the e-Waste Problem. In: The Geographical Journal 181 (2), 147–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12077

 

Lepawsky, Josh (2018): Reassembling Rubbish: Worlding Electronic Waste. Cambridge: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11111.001.0001

 

Lepawsky, Josh/Mcnabb, Chris (2010): Mapping International Flows of Electronic Waste. In: The Canadian Geographer 54 (2), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1541-0064.2009.00279.x

 

Liboiron, Max (2018): The What and the Why of Discard Studies. In: Discard Studies. September 1, 2018. https://discardstudies.com/2018/09/01/the-whatand-the-why-of-discard-studies/, 28.02.2019.

 

MacBride, Samantha (2011): Recycling Reconsidered: The Present Failure and Future Promise of Environmental Action in the United States. Cambridge: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8829.001.0001

 

Minter, Adam (2013): Junkyard Planet: Travels in the Billion-Dollar Trash Trade. London et al.: Bloomsbury Press.

 

Oteng-Ababio, Martin/van der Velden, Maja (2019): “Welcome to Sodom” – Six Myths about Electronic Waste in Agbogbloshie, Ghana. SMART. January 16, 2019. https://www.smart.uio.no/blog/welcome-to-sodom.html, 29.02.2019.

 

Sormani, Philippe/Bovet, Alain/Strebel, Ignaz (eds., 2019): Repair Work Ethnographies: Revisiting Breakdown, Relocating Materiality. Singapore: Springer Singapore.

Review-Essay

Contact
Mattersburger Kreis für Entwicklungspolitik
an den österreichischen Universitäten
Sensengasse 3
1090 Vienna, Austria

T +43 1 317 40 17
E office@mattersburgerkreis.at
Subscribe to our Newsletter
© 2015 Mattersburger Kreis für Entwicklungspolitik an den österreichischen Universitäten | Impressum
Display: